by RYAN KAREM E. HAPA
Introduction
During the pre-colonial Philippines, both men and women play important roles in society and enjoy the same rights.
EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863
Despite the Decree of 1863, basic education in the Philippines remained inadequate for the rest of the Spanish period. Often, there were not enough schools built. Teachers tended to use corporal punishment. The friars exercised control over the schools and their teachers and obstructed attempts to properly educate the masses, as they considered widespread secular education to be a threat to their hold over the population.
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